Understanding the Creator of all Things

Introduction Does God exist? If He does, is He the God of the Bible, Islam, or Mormonism? Discussions of whether God exists and/or whether the world was created or made from some scientifically explainable processes have continued over the years.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding the Creator of all Things specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Religious leaders, naturalists, scientists, philosophers, politicians, and atheists have given their views about the existence of God. However, there is enough evidence in science, spirituality, and material elements that prove God’s existence. Both science and philosophy have proven the existence of a supreme being that ordered the creation beyond human understanding. Moreover, despite the many ‘gods’ that exist in the religious arena, philosophical and scientific evidence indicates that the biblical God is the true God. This paper seeks to explore the topic of understanding the creator of all things. The aim is to confirm that the biblical God is the true deity. Evidence of God’s Existence Complexity of the Universe and its Continued Existence According to Bialecki, various philosophical, scientific, and religious facts indicate that God exists1. Every monotheistic religion believes in a certain supernatural being. Although the names that are accorded to such a being vary by religion, God’s powers in most religions are almost similar. God guides morality and order in virtually all religions. According to Bialecki, analysis of the universe indicates that its perfectness and complexity must have a force that triggered its existence2. The size of the earth appears to have been well calculated to function over the years. The fact that the earth has a self-regulating gravitational pull that extends only 50 miles above the surface is another indicator of a work of a perfect designer. The earth forms a satis factory self-regulating habitat for living things. It has oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen gas for their use. The perfectness of how the earth is designed brings people to the fact that if the earth were disorderly, the atmosphere would be smaller or bigger, a situation that would trigger the balance that has been witnessed since time immemorial. Bialecki reveals how the composition of gases on earth is well calculated to sustain life3. The other evidence that shows that there is a designer behind the earth’s perfectness is the distance between the earth and the sun. This distance enables temperatures around the earth to be life sustaining.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such temperature differences range approximately from negative 30 and positive 120 degrees. What is amazing is that if the earth were further from the sun, temperatures would be lower. Th e moon’s position ensures that ocean tides are continuous with no stagnation. Since there is no valid scientific process that has been confirmed to trigger the formation of the complex universe, scholars have concurred on the existence of a supernatural being who must be responsible for this mystery. The Universal Nature of Water The nature and reliability of water by all living things in the world is another indicator a mysterious force that triggered the creation of the universe and everything that is found in it. Water is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless substance that is universal in many processes. According to Clanton, the fact that all living things have water as a major component of their bodies is a sufficient proof that God was at the center of this designing4. This solvent enables living things to exist in a range of weather conditions. Minerals, chemicals, and nutrients that are required by human beings, animals, and plants are transported through water. Accor ding to Warfield, the surface tension of water also signifies the existence of God5. For example, water is able to move upstream in a plant from the roots to the leaves. Water is also created in a way that it freezes from the top in cold places such as the Arctic. Freezing from the top surface ensures that aquatic creatures can continue to survive even when temperatures are very low. The water that evaporates moves up to the atmosphere and cools to form rains that drop on the surface of the earth to ensure continuity of life. This observation means that water moves around the world in a cyclic way. The Structure of the Human Brain is beyond Science and Philosophical Explanations The human brain is designed in a way that science and philosophy have failed to explain fully. The brain is able to do multiple activities at the same time. For example, it can detect and distinguish temperatures, colors, pressure, smell, and even texture.Advertising We will write a custom research pape r sample on Understanding the Creator of all Things specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The brain orders the rest of the body to respond in a particular way in different situations. The human brain is designed as self-regulating factory that is in charge of its internal and external environment. The brain regulates the number of times that a person needs to take in air, the movement of body structures, the voice produced, the sitting posture, and all activities that bodies do with people’s little concern. Mion asserts that the fact that an individual’s intelligence can interpret millions of facts every minute is beyond understanding6. It can select important things from what is unimportant to an individual. The intelligence factor in a brain shows the work of a creator. This unique intelligence cannot have resulted from some energy or light banging, but from God (Mion, 2012). Evolution Explains Changes in Living Things, but Fails to Explain their Origin The evolution theory by Charles Darwin that has been relied upon by scientists to explain the origin and evolution of life has completely failed to explain origin of life. Darwinism explains the changes that occur in animals, plants, and human beings because of mutation, natural selection, use and disuse, and other factors. However, evolution has no answer to the origin of the life forms that it claims to be evolving. For example, if human beings originated from apes, evolution cannot reveal who created the apes. If the claim by evolution that birds originated from reptiles is true, it cannot justify who created them in the initial stage. Living and non-living things cannot exist from nowhere and start responding to changes in their immediate environment. In addition, Mion asserts that scientific theories fail to explain how non-living things such as stones, seabed, and bedrocks were created7. They do not reveal the origin of their raw materials. This observation leaves an important gap to be filled. The adaptation of living things for survival and mutual coexistence shows a force or being that is behind their design. For example, the fact that a bee has structures that are adapted to suck nectar from flowers and other structures that carry pollen grains that fertilize the next flower they attend is amazing. This ensures continuity of the plants that the bee and its offspring will depend on for food in coming days. The adaptation of various animals and plants to survival in harsh weather conditions without dying shows the work of an intelligent creator.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, a fish can live in water all its days but dies immediately it is pulled out of water. Besides, certain plants such as the cactus are able to survive in the scorching sun of the deserts. It is undoubtedly that God is behind these mysterious observations Geographical Distribution of Flora and Fauna Evidence of existence of creatures that have similar bodies and DNA composition in far and different continents is an indicator of the work of a creator. For example, there are plants and animals in Asia that are found only in South America. The distance between the two continents and the absence of such creatures in the in-between land and water goes beyond scientific and geographical explanations. For example, there are cabbage and tree varieties that are found in India and South America only. This observation cannot be attributed to the effect of continental drifts. If this effect were the cause, similar plants would have been found in the continents and islands that lie in between. Similarity in color and structure of many living creatures in Africa relative to those of South America also indicates the work of a creator. Moreover, all human beings, white or black, have similar body structures and functions. For example, a white man in Carolina can donate blood to a black man in India if their blood groups are similar. If evolution theory were true, people in different continents would be different due to changes in their environment. However, human beings from different continents can communicate and reason together. These pointers indicate the existence of a creator who ordered and organized all these activities to happen. The Origin of the Earth Science continues to depend on the ‘big bang’ theory that explains how the universe was started by one bang of energy and light from an unknown origin. According to this theory, this bang and explosion that resulted formed different life forms, space, air, sky, non-living things, and everything that is in the world. Bombarding of energy can result in some chemical reactions. However, this bombarding fails to explain how such an explosion resulted in the formation of different lives. If it were true, every bomb that explodes in Palestine, as Palestinians fight with Israel, would be resulting in some form of life. On the contrary, explosion of such bombs results in the destruction of life. It is also beyond scientific explanations to justify the origin of materials that formed the light that contributed in the bang, the origin of the forces that led to the explosion, and the origin of the materials that made different life forms after the big bang explosion. How can an explosion generate a human being, a plant, consumable gases, the sky, the soil, or an animal? If explosions were to be responsible, scientists would then be using such forces to develop new life forms. Who then distributed these life forms in such a well-calculated effort of placing every life form in its best adapted environment? Vanhoozer’s work offers a clear answer to this question8 Can the big bang forces be intelligent enough to know the qualities, structures, and adaptations of creatures that originated from it for these creatures would be positioned only in their best-suited environments? Would the big bang divide gases and the force of gravity in a way to ensure that the gases that are important for survival of living things remain within their reach. According to Bray, the origin of creation indicates that a creator was present9. The preciseness of the order of creation shows beyond reason the masterwork of a creator. The Laws of Nature Control the World According to Clanton, the laws of nature are also beyond scientific and philosophical explanations10. For example, the earth will revolve round the sun in specific number of days. The gravitational pull of the earth remains consistent. Besides, time remains consistent in a typical day. The whole universe is a sphere that obeys rules on the number of revolutions and rotations that it makes. In addition, the earth follows a certain path that is designated for that specific purpose. Unfortunately, if it were to get out of the path, everything in it would collapse. Who orders these rules? Who ensures that the rules are followed since the earth came into being? Scientific logic cannot account for the precise nature of these activities of the world.  Logic holds that the world is not a thinking being that will use its brain to regulate the activities that take place in it. The power to control gravity, the distance between the earth and the sun, and/or to ensure that nothing falls, despite its rotation, is astonishing. The order in the universe is beyond a coincidence of things that just happen and/or continue to happen ever since its creation. Scientists have acknowledged that nature is mysterious and that it is organized in a mathematical way. The only thing that scientists do is to prove the mystery using numbers. For example, they prove that the speed of light is the same in every part of the world. They calculate the number of evolutions that the world makes in a year and/or the distance between the earth and the moon. However, they do not prove their origin. The laws of human and animal reproduction to ensure continuity of generation are also beyond science. In fact, the mystery of how the first creature emerged indicates that there was a creator. The DNA Coding and Instruction System The presence of DNA that instructs billions of cells in living things to undertake various activities and/or behave in a certain way indicates presence of God. The DNA is the instruction manual that has to be adhered to by the body cells. For example, the DNA has certain codes that are designed for specific factors. The codes are abbreviated as A, T, G, and C by human scientists. These specific codes are very precise in their operations. This manual defines a creature and its adaptability, beh avior, and temperaments. Every cell of a human being contains billions of these codes. These DNA codes give instructions to the cell at well calculated times. They instruct on how the body will grow at all times. Science is lacking on explanation of how such DNA chemicals, which have the ability to give instructions, are grouped together in a single cell. The intelligence of the cell to give the correct information to the rest of the body is also beyond the scientific logic as Van Til asserts11. The DNA is programmed like a computer. Besides being self-regulating, it gives information according to the codes. The question of who programs these strands in such a coordinated way brings in the aspect of a creator. The Origin of Life and Death According to Gebauer, Berlin, and Maio, the fact that science cannot explain the origin of life or the indispensable component of life (cell) also calls for the attention of a super creator12. Scientists and doctors can carry out maintenance functi ons of life, but they cannot create it. The puzzle of death has been referred to as a mystery by all scientists. Logic cannot explain the way of death, its value, and the consequence of death to a dying creature. Scientists have tried to develop sophisticated machines that can support life, but they have never found the means to create life. Life humbles the doctors to accept the existence of a force that is far beyond their knowledge and ability13. If science were able, people would never die. In fact, the inability to sustain life stems from people’s inability to create it. The factor that erodes or the mechanism that puts a halt to the human life remains a puzzle to scientists of the world.  The presence and emergence of diseases that have no cure is another puzzle to the scientific world. Scientists have spent days and nights in efforts to discover and develop medicine for diseases such as Ebola, HIV/AIDS, and cancer. However, despite the billions of money that have bee n invested by the world in fighting diseases, new diseases will still emerge to threaten people’s existence. The fact that senior scientists are dying out of Ebola in the western part of Africa and in America indicates a force that is beyond the very science they adore. The composition of the killer material and its origin again goes beyond science. God proves his ability by taking lives that scientists are determined to defend. This observation is evidence that there is some power that is beyond the human understanding. The fact that human cells grow and become dysfunctional at old age is also a mystery. Why do people die at old age? Why has science not been able to prevent old age and/or death that results from it? All human beings look forward to growing old and eventually dying. If science and philosophy had the power to stop growth towards old age, great scientists such as Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, and Christian Bernard would not have died. The fact that scientist s who discover so much in the field of medicine end up dying is mysterious. How does someone end up dying, despite his or her ability to invent heart transplant surgery? This puzzle brings the aspect of a powerful creator who controls what is to exist, what is to die, and the general order of things in the world. Atheists have Failed to Disapprove God’s Existence Although atheists from across the world believe that there is no God, the above discussion lays bare evidences of a God of creation. Kraay and Dragos affirm that atheists believe that there is no god or God14. They have devised arguments that different gods, which are worshiped by world religions such as Islam, Buddhist, Hindu, and other religions, are fallacious. Efforts to prove that there is no god in the world has made them defend their claims over the years. The arguments behind their believe is that the God who is depicted in the old testament of the Bible and the Quran accept rape, genocides, murder, incest, a dultery, and other social evils. Atheists will quote a section of the Old Testament that is adored by both Christians and Muslims in discrediting their God.  Since atheists have no god or God to defend, their efforts are geared towards discrediting the gods who are worshipped by believers in supernatural beings. For example, they will ask why god is so violent and/or why he would be so brutal to kill more people than Satan has killed in the recorded history of the Bible. This position is developed from biblical records in the Old Testament. In addition, they also prevail on believers to explain why their God who they depict as being so good, generous, and humble punishes his own people with everlasting fire for their sins. To them, if God were as good as Christians depict, he would have forgiven all or controlled how they behave so that they do not sin. However, the fact is that even a father who loves his children so much goes on to punish them when they go against his orders. Th erefore, God is justified to punish people who go against his authority. Arguments by those who believe in the existence of a creator of all things are also untrue to atheists who question why the creator cannot control morality. According to atheists, there is no need of a religion or God to control morality. Atheists believe that morality is natural and that people are moral or immoral due to their fear of punishment or lack of that fear. To counter the arguments of believers, atheists claim that most of the immoral activities such as sodomy, lesbianism, murder, and corruption are done by astute openly publicized believers such as pastors, priests, and even bishops. However, the fact that God gives people the authority to regulate their behavior does not discredit his existence. Atheists also fail to prove their creator, saying that the creation issue is beyond their understanding. Atheists also use scientific facts that have been discredited in this discussion to prove that thing s just happened naturally. For example, they will rely on the big bang theory in explaining the origin of the earth and the evolution theory in explaining changes in living things. However, these theories start at a certain point, thus leaving learners afloat. Who would have created these forces? Can something originate from nothing? According to Helseth, Craig, Highfield, and Boyd, this puzzle discredits any argument that does not uphold the existence of a creator15. Therefore, it is imperative that a creator of all creation exists. This discussion has proven so using science, philosophy, and religion. Why the Biblical God is the True God If God of all creation exists as discussed above, one would ask, ‘who is he?’ Which religion in the world believes in this God? Debate concerning the true and untrue God persists in the religious world. Although atheists try to prove that there is no God, most of the people in the world believe in a supernatural being as Feinberg obse rves16. Kraay and Dragos affirm that various believers in supernatural being have collided and even fought in an effort to prove that their God is true as they discredit that of others17. For example, there have been bloody battles between Christians and Muslims over beliefs and places of worship. Scholars have questioned the status of later days if there is a God since regions crop up every day. For example, if there will be heaven and that Christianity is the true religion where will the Muslims, Hindu, and Buddhist go? However, a true God who created the world exists. This section confirms that the God of Christianity is the true God of all creation. Revelation of Jesus Christ God has revealed Himself in Christianity in a more explicit way through Jesus Christ than in any other religion. Other religions identify the key personalities who ever existed as forecasters such as seer Buddha or Mohammad. However, in Christianity, the key personality in worship (Jesus Christ) identified Himself as God. The earlier revealed seers did not liken themselves to God. However, in several instances, Jesus Christ claimed to be God. This uniqueness separates him from these other prophets. Jesus claimed to be God in trinity where He is joined together with His father in Heaven. Jesus even went ahead to prove that He was God by exemplifying the attributes of God. For example, he raised several people from death, He healed the sick (New International Version Mark 1:34; Matt 8:13), He authorized nature like wind, He walked on water, and claimed to be the only connection between man and God. None of the other prophets in any other religion raised people from death, commanded nature, or even rise from death as McCormack confirms18. This observation is an indication that the God that Christians pray is the true God. He is a God who can give life that science has failed to understand. Foundations of Christianity Christianity is founded on Judeo-Christian beliefs. In explaining the o rigin of the universe in Judeo-Christian, Froese and Bader confirm that only God can create it19. Compared to Hinduism and other religions that base their foundation on science, the big bang explosion did it. However, there has been lack of evidence in the oscillatory theory of how explosions happen. This gap declares the Judeo-Christian way believable. The gap between science and Christianity is narrower compared to the gap between science and Quran. For example, the Quran teaches that God created seven heavens and then separated them. As Charnock reveals, Christians believe that God created the universe, one thing at a time20. Muslims believe that God created the universe and then placed mountains to make it stable. On the other hand, Christians believe that God created the world and then caused Mountains to rise from it. This position is closer to the scientific proof of volcanoes and eruptions. Depiction of wind, currents, and sea creatures by the Bible long before science disco vered them is a further proof that the Christian God is true. Conclusion There is enough evidence to show that God of all creation exists. Christians have been able to prove that the God of creation is their God through Jesus Christ. Such evidence ranges from the complexity of the universe and its continued existence, the universal nature of water, the structure of the human brain, failure of evolution to explain earth’s origin, the geographical distribution of flora and fauna, natural laws, DNA, death and life, and failure of atheists to disapprove God. Bibliography Bialecki, Jon. â€Å"Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism? On Tanya Lurhmann’s When God Talks Back and Bruno Latour.† Anthropology of Consciousness 25, no.1 (Mar 2014): 32-52. Bray, Gerald. The Doctrine of God. Downers Grove. Nottingham: InterVarsity Press, 1993. Charnock, Stephen. The Existence and Attributes of God. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1979. Clanton, Caleb. â€Å"The Structure of C. S. Peirce’s Neglected Argument for the Reality of God: A Critical Assessment.† Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 50, no.2 (June 2014): 175-200. Feinberg, John. No One Like Him. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2001. Froese, Paul, and Christopher Bader. America’s Four Gods. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010. Helseth, Paul, William Craig, Ron Highfield, and Gregory Boyd. Four Views on Divine Providence. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011. Gebauer, Jochem, Humboldt-Università ¤t Berlin, and Gregory Maio. â€Å"The Need to Belong Can Motivate Belief in God.† Journal of Personality 80, no.2 (May 2012): 465-501. Kraay, Klaas, and Chris Dragos. â€Å"On preferring God’s non-existence.† Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43, no. 2(Aug 2013): 157-178. McCormack, Bruce. Engaging the Doctrine of God: Contemporary Protestant Perspectives. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008. Mion, Giovanni. â€Å"God, ignorance and existence.† International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 72, no. 2(Jan 2012): 85-88. Van Til, Cornelius. In Defense of the Faith. Phillipsburg, NJ: P R Publishing, 2008. Vanhoozer, Kevin. Nothing Greater, Nothing Better: Theological Essays on the Love of God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001. Warfield, Benjamin. Biblical and Theological Studies. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian Reformed Pub Co, 1952. Footnotes 1 Jon Bialecki, â€Å"Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism? On Tanya Lurhmann’s When God Talks Back and Bruno Latour,† Anthropology of Consciousness 25, no.1 (Mar 2014): 32. 2 Ibid, 34. 3 Bialecki, â€Å"Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism?†, 34. 4 Caleb Clanton, â€Å"The Structure of C. S. Peirce’s Neglected Argument for the Reality of God: A Critical Assessment,† Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 50, no.2 (June 2014): 175. 5 Benjamin Warfield, Biblical and Theological Studies (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian Reformed Pub Co, 1952), 64. 6 Giovan ni Mion, â€Å"God, ignorance and existence†, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 72, no. 2(Jan 2012): 85. 7 Mion, â€Å"God, ignorance and existence†, 87. 8 Kevin Vanhoozer, Nothing Greater, Nothing Better: Theological Essays on the Love of God (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), 17. 9 Gerald Bray, The Doctrine of God. Downers Grove (Nottingham: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 43. 10 Clanton, 178. 11 Cornelius Van Til, In Defense of the Faith (Phillipsburg, NJ: P R Publishing, 2008) 62. 12 Jochem Gebauer, Humboldt-Università ¤t Berlin and Gregory Maio, â€Å"The Need to Belong Can Motivate Belief in God,† Journal of Personality 80, no.2 (May 2012): 468. 13 Bray, The Doctrine of God. Downers Grove, 52. 14 Klaas Kraay, and Chris Dragos, â€Å"On preferring God’s non-existence,† Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43, no. 2(Aug 2013): 158. 15 Paul Helseth, William Craig, Ron Highfield, and Gregory Boyd, Four Views on Divine Providence (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2011), 18. 16 , John Feinberg, No One Like Him (Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2001), 12. 17 Kraay and Dragos, â€Å"On preferring God’s non-existence,† 160. 18 Bruce McCormack, Engaging the Doctrine of God: Contemporary Protestant Perspectives (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008) 36. 19 Paul Froese and Christopher Bader, America’s Four Gods (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010), 46. 20 Stephen Charnock, The Existence and Attributes of God (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1979), 15. This research paper on Understanding the Creator of all Things was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

SUNY Oneonta Admissions and Acceptance Rate

SUNY Oneonta Admissions and Acceptance Rate SUNY Oneonta has an acceptance rate of 53  percent. Students with good grades and solid test scores have a good chance of being admitted, especially those with a range of extracurricular activities and work/volunteer experience. Applicants will need to submit SAT or ACT scores, along with high school transcripts and a letter of recommendation. The school accepts the SUNY Application or the Common Application; both of these can be found online. If you have any questions about the admissions process, dont hesitate to contact the admissions office for assistance. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) SUNY Oneonta Acceptance Rate: 53  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for SUNY OneontaTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 490 / 580SAT Math: 490 / 580(what these SAT numbers mean)(SUNY SAT comparison chart)ACT Composite: 22 / 26ACT English: 20 / 25ACT Math: 22  / 26(what these ACT numbers mean)(SUNY ACT comparison chart) SUNY Oneonta Description SUNY Oneonta is a selective college in the State University of New York system. 95 percent of entering students rank in the top half of their high school class, and the average high school GPA is a 3.50. Although the college does have some graduate programs, the primary focus is on undergraduates. The core curriculum is in the liberal arts and sciences, and the college frequently ranks well among public colleges and best values in college. The college has a 17 to 1  student/faculty ratio, and the average class size is 21. Oneonta is located in the picturesque rolling hills of central New York near Cooperstown. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 6,055  (5,729 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40 percent male / 60 percent female98 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $7,932 (in-state); $17,782 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,368Other Expenses: $2,002Total Cost: $23,502 (in-state); $33,352 (out-of-state) SUNY Oneonta Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 91  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 61  percentLoans: 66 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,126Loans: $6,665 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business, Criminal Justice, Education, English, Family and Consumer Sciences, Mass Communications, Music Management, Psychology, Speech and Rhetorical StudiesWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 83  percentTransfer Out Rate: 23 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 58  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 72 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Cross Country, Field Hockey, Basketball, Swimming, WrestlingWomens Sports:  Tennis, Softball, Track and Field, Basketball, Swimming, Cross Country Learn About Other SUNY Campuses: Albany  |  Alfred State  |  Binghamton  |  Brockport  |  Buffalo  |  Buffalo State  |  Cobleskill  |  Cortland  |  Env. Science/Forestry  |  Farmingdale  |  FIT  |  Fredonia  |  Geneseo  |  Maritime  |  Morrisville  |  New Paltz  |  Old Westbury  |  Oneonta  |  Oswego  |  Plattsburgh  |  Polytechnic  |  Potsdam  |  Purchase  |  Stony Brook If You LIke SUNY Oneonta, You May Also Like These College Binghamton UniversitySUNY New PaltzSUNY AlbanySUNY CortlandMarist CollegeHartwick CollegeIthaca CollegeStony Brook UniversitySyracuse UniversitySiena College Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other Atoms form chemical bonds to make their outer electron shells more stable. The type of chemical bond maximizes the stability of the atoms that form it. An ionic bond, where one atom essentially donates an electron to another, forms when one atom becomes stable by losing its outer electrons and the other atoms become  stable (usually by filling its valence shell) by gaining the electrons. Covalent bonds form when sharing atoms results in the highest stability. Other types of bonds besides ionic and covalent chemical bonds exist, too. Bonds and Valence Electrons The very first electron shell only holds two electrons. A hydrogen atom (atomic number 1) has one proton and a lone electron, so it can readily share its electron with the outer shell of another atom. A helium atom (atomic number 2), has two protons and two electrons. The two electrons complete its outer electron shell (the only electron shell it has), plus the atom is electrically neutral this way. This makes helium stable and unlikely to form a chemical bond. Past hydrogen and helium, its easiest to apply the octet rule to predict whether two atoms will form bonds and how many bonds they will form. Most atoms need eight electrons to complete their outer shell. So, an atom that has two outer electrons will often form a chemical bond with an atom that lacks two electrons to be complete. For example, a sodium atom has one lone electron in its outer shell. A chlorine atom, in contrast, is short one electron to fill its outer shell. Sodium readily donates its outer electron (forming the Na ion, since it then has one more proton than it has electrons), while chlorine readily accepts a donated electron (making the Cl- ion, since chlorine is stable when it has one more electron than it has protons). Sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond with each other to form table salt (sodium chloride). A Note About Electrical Charge You may be confused about whether the stability of an atom is related to its electrical charge. An atom that gains or loses an electron to form an ion is more stable than a neutral atom if the ion gets a full electron shell by forming the ion. Because oppositely charged ions attract each other, these atoms will readily form chemical bonds with each other. Why Do Atoms Form Bonds? You can use the periodic table to make several predictions about whether atoms will form bonds and what type of bonds they might form with each other. On the far right-hand side of the periodic table is the group of elements called the noble gases. Atoms of these elements (e.g., helium, krypton, neon) have full outer electron shells. These atoms are stable and very rarely form bonds with other atoms. One of the best ways to predict whether atoms will bond with each other and what type of bonds they will form is to compare the electronegativity values of the atoms. Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an atom has to electrons in a chemical bond. A large difference between electronegativity values between atoms indicates one atom is attracted to electrons, while the other can accept electrons. These atoms usually form ionic bonds with each other. This type of bond forms between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom. If the electronegativity values between two atoms are comparable, they may still form chemical bonds to increase the stability of their valence electron shell. These atoms usually form covalent bonds. You can look up electronegativity values for each atom to compare them and decide whether an atom will form a bond or not. Electronegativity is a periodic table trend, so you can make general predictions without looking up specific values. Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across the periodic table (except for the noble gases). It decreases as you move down a column or group of the table. Atoms on the left-hand side of the table readily form ionic bonds with atoms on the right side (again, except the noble gases). Atoms in the middle of the table often form metallic or covalent bonds with each other.

The Making of Russian Political Traditions Essay

The Making of Russian Political Traditions - Essay Example It is obvious that features of such "driving forces" were specific for each empire, so these forces were essential for making political, economic, and even cultural "frames" of these empires. First of all, we need to juxtapose principal historic events of that time. The political and economic decline of Kiev in XII-XIII centuries led to strong regional developments (Keenan and Raeff, 2003). Rostov, the earliest princely centre in the north-east, was included in the princely rotation system for a long time. In the XII century, it became the patrimony of the younger branch of Vladimir II Monomakh's family. Under his son Yury Dolgoruky (1125-1157) and grandson Andrew I (1157-1174), the principality reached a high political and cultural development. In the XIII century, the principality of Moscow was created as an apanage (royal grant) within the grand principality of Vladimir. This new seat grew in importance when Michael Khorobrit, brother of Alexander Nevsky, conquered Vladimir (1248) and made himself prince of both centers. Daniel, Nevsky's son (1276-1303), was the progenitor of all the later Rurikid princes of Moscow. Yet, at that time the principality is very small and has insignificant political influence (Martin, 1995). The beginning of Moscow's rise to its later preeminence came during the reign of Daniel's son Ivan (1328-1341), who, by cooperating with khans of the Golden Horde, and also by his shrewd purchases (probably of tax-farming rights), greatly expanded the influence of his principality (Keenan and Raeff, 2003). We know that in time of the Mongol invasion many of the conquered cities made an unusual recovery and adjustment to the new relationships. Of course, some cities, such as Kiev, never fully recovered in Mongol times. However, new centers, such as Moscow and Tver, arose and flourished in Mongol times. The local princely dynasties continued unchanged in their traditional seats. Moreover, the northern Russian princes fell to quarreling and to maneuvering for their own advantage in the politics of the Golden Horde. In this period, rising of Muscovy was caused by "symbiosis" with the Golden Horde. However, why Muscovy was not "absorbed" by the Golden Horde Firstly, the Golden Horde was unstable as any multinational and highly heterogeneous empire, so its domination was not permanent. Then, this "symbiosis" was not comprehensive. Influence of the Golden Horde in the areas of religion and intellectual life was practically nonexistent. Limited contacts between the Slavic and Turkic populations, and the strong Orthodox clergy control in Muscovy were very favorable for surviving Russian culture. Comprehensive cooperation was only in the areas of the secular culture of the court and counting house. "Here, Slavs and Tatars elaborated together an international subculture whose language was Turkic and whose administrative techniques and chancellery culture were essentially those of the Golden Horde" (Keenan and Raeff, 2003). Severe and destructive conflicts between Muscovy and the Golden Horde appear only in the XIV century, when the Golden Horde was at the stage of decline. Conflicts between Dmitry Donskoy, grand prince of Moscow, and Mamai (1381), and also Tokhtamysh attacks on Moscow (Martin, 1995) signify the end of this "symbiosis" in the political sphere. Next period differs

Analyse the reasons for the recent UK recession and its impact on one Essay

Analyse the reasons for the recent UK recession and its impact on one particular leisure market. E.g. travel, restaurants, tourism - Essay Example Choice as a factor of growth is crucial in the growth of an economy since the economy needs consumers will and choice of products in order to relish and grow. That said, it is evident that the economy requires the input of consumers and produces who act as the driving force since they provide the necessary resources which include labour, land, physical and human capital etc. This paper will discuss the main reasons why the recent UK recession occurred and its impact in the tourism industry as a leisure market. The paper will aim at answering the why and the how questions in relation to the causes and the impacts of the 2008 – 2009 UK recession that occurred between the last quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2009. The paper addresses the reasons of the recession in the first section and the impacts of the recession on the tourism industry in the second section and finally a conclusion, which aim at giving a clear discussion and analysis of the first two sections. Verick and Islam (2010) argue that the 2008 – 2009 global recession (financial crisis) was largely accelerated by the global imbalances that were being experienced worldwide at that time in terms of a drop in interest rates, perceptions of risks, and the regulation of financial systems. The UK was, apparently, not left behind as it faced many financial problems including near bankruptcy of banks, a fall in its stock market, large levels of public debt, a tumbling currency and frozen money markets which were all factors that promoted a recession (Cooper, 2009). Among the leading causes of the recession was the devaluation of UK currency the Sterling Pound. The Sterling Pound during the recession had a devaluated by 25-30% from the value it once held in before the recession. This was in accordance with the basic economic theory that states that any decrease in the exchange rates of a currency will eminently aid in the

Explication Emily Dickinson Essay Example for Free

Explication Emily Dickinson Essay In the Poem ‘Because I Could Not Stop for Death† Emily Dickinson uses symbolism and allegory to portray a woman’s voyage to internal life. Emily’s main symbols in the poem are to hide the true meaning of the symbols. In the first stanza the first symbol is introduced in the lines â€Å"I could not stop for Death- He kindly stopped for me-.† I these lines Emily explains how busy the woman is and she can’t stop for death. Dickinson then says â€Å"He† who is death takes the time to do what she cannot and stops for her. In the next couple lines which are â€Å"The carriage held but just ourselves and immortality.† Dickinson is trying to acknowledge that now this woman is with death on her ride to immortality, The â€Å"Carriage† is a symbol for her voyage to eternity. In the second stanza Emily explains the woman’s slow ride. She expresses this in the line â€Å"We slowly drove He knew no haste.† Dickinson describes how death’s politeness makes the woman step back from everything keeping her busy. Dickinson shows this in the lines â€Å"And I had to put away my labor and my leisure too, for his civility.† In the third stanza Dickinson explains the woman passing the life as she knew it. Emily then speaks of children playing at recess and fields off grazing grain. â€Å"We passed the setting sun.† This is the line of her transfer from one world to another. The fourth stanza explains the woman transforming to immortality. â€Å"The dews drew quivering and chill.† This line describes the coldness of death. â€Å"For only gossamer, my gown my tippet only tulle.† Emily describes how the woman’s clothes change from beautiful fabric to the opposite. Now the woman is dead. In the Fifth stanza the woman is taken too her â€Å"Home† which is described as a grave. â€Å"We paused before a house that seemed a swelling in the ground.† The home is a hole in the ground. â€Å"The roof was scarcely visible the cornice in the ground.† Dickinson explains how the â€Å"roof† is barely visible. The last stanza is the woman talking.† Since then – ‘tis centuries and yet feels shorter. â€Å"The woman explains that all though she died a long time ago it feels as if it just happened. She remembers her feeling of when she first realized she was tooken by death. As you can see in Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† She uses allegory and symbolism. She uses these to explain the woman’s voyage to eternal life in death. She takes the voyage and breaks it up in the stanzas. Emily explains everything that happened without saying it. This is how she uses Symbolism and allegory, to give hints to the reader.

Growin Up In the Hood :: essays research papers

Growing Up In the Hood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is it a coincidence that highly urbanized areas are full of crime and always statistically higher than small towns and rural areas? A child that is being brought up in a metropolitan area that is full of violent crimes is flooded in a sense and has nothing to do but to breath in some of the negative influences that go on around him. Therefore, I believe that the most influential scene in a child’s life is the neighborhood that he grows up in. Parents cannot constantly watch over their children, ask about whom they are hanging out with, constantly check where they are, and find out what they are getting themselves into? (Statistics p348)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a child is growing up he is frequently asked what he is going to do for money when he gets older. The more this question is asked to them, the more they feel like they have to have money to be happy in life. After many tries of trying to make a stable life at a low paying job, a criminal life maybe more appealing to them at they may start living life under the gun. As stated by William Wilson in When Work Disappears, â€Å"Neighborhoods plagued by high levels of joblessness are more likely to experience low levels of social organization, they go hand in hand.† In Chicago for instance, in 1990 there was only one in three in the twelve ghetto communities that had held a job in a typical workweek of the year. When there are high rates of joblessness bigger problems surface such as violent crime, gang violence, and drug trafficking. (Wilson P356-362)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These crime-ridden communities (or ghettos) are springing up all through the country, mainly in and around major metropolitan areas. These areas are the most populated, so that means that within these areas are the most people there to be influenced by the crimes committed by fellow people. In Male's reading he shows statistics that prove the fact that once the poverty factor is taken away then teen violence disappears. He later adds, â€Å"That if America wants to rid of juvenile violence than serious consideration needs to be given to the societally inflicted violence of raising three to 10 times more youth in poverty than other Western nations.† (Males p386)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As stated by Elijah Anderson, â€Å"Just living in a low-income area gives most residents less hope for there own future.

Ratio Analysis Memo Essay

The following memo will explain the findings of the financial statement analysis for 2008 for Berry’s Bug Blasters as well as offer advice significant decreases in profits or increases in liabilities if they apply. Some quick facts: Liquidity is up for 2008 Current ratio shows we pay assets 5.99 times for every current liability, an increase of 62% from 2007 Significant liquidity ratio decrease in 2008 was in inventory turnover Inventory tuning over 6.67 times per year, down 42% from 2007 Berry’s Bug Blasters inventory turnover is affecting the profits. The profitability ratios decreased with the stockholders’ equity decreasing the most by 56%. The interest expense for 2007 and 2008 has been eliminated. Berry’s Bug Blasters total debt was decreased to assets by 24% in 2007 to 16%, the company’s number now shows solvency. In order to determine if a company will meet short term debt obligations liquid ratios are used by businesses and investors. Berry’s Bug Blasters has proven short term obligations 5.99 times to 1 liability. At the point when an owner or investor evaluates an organization’s liquidity ratios, they are utilizing data from the Balance Sheet to evaluate if an organization has the ass ets and the ability to pay off short term liabilities. Berry’s Bug Blasters have met the mark. Stakeholders use profitability ratios to pick up understanding on the adequacy or sufficiency of an organization’s profits. Loaning organizations and investors will utilize profitability ratios to help focus the conceivable financial related profits for the investment into that particular organization. Administration inside of an organization can use profitability ratios to issue territories inside of the organization and make any vital enhancements to enhance execution in those areas. The accompanying attachments will demonstrate that we have decreased in the amount of profit margin. This decrease demonstrates that business has hindered in 2008. Berry’s Bug Blaster may need to look over marketing  methodologies to produce more business in the impending year. Solvency ratios are for the most part utilized by long term lenders and stakeholders. Both clients are utilizing solvency ratios to focus the long term quality and survival of an organization. Long term monetary quality of an organization is essential to these clients to demonstrate that an organization will have the capacity to pay off debt and accrued interest of a mature debt. Berry’s Bug Blasters has made a decent showing of decreasing the measure of amount of total debt to assets. Generally speaking, Berry’s Bug Blasters is in great financial health in correlation to others in the business. An intercompany near analysis was performed utilizing our organizations nearest traded on an open market contender, Rollins Inc. Like Berry’s Bug Blasters, Rollins Inc. provides pest and termite control services to business and private customers. The Rollins Inc. SEC filed 10-K for the period ending 12/31/08, the attached ratio, horizontal and vertical analysis are the source documents for the data below. The profit margin is by far the most valuable accounting aspect for any company. Berry’s Bug Blasters has doubled the profit margin (16%) other than Rollins Inc. (6.6%) In regards to solvency, Berry’s Bug Blasters incurred no interest expense while Rollins Inc. paid $761,000 interest expense. Another commonly used profitability ratio used primarily by investors is the return on common stockholders’ equity. Berry’s Bug Blasters and Rollins Inc. performed splendidly and tied at 30%. The ratio, horizontal, and vertical analysis performed managers, creditors, and investors can see that Berry’s Bug Blasters remains competitive, and is a valuable investment. I hope you have gained further insight into the financial health of Berry’s Bug Blasters. References: Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D., & Kieso, D.E. (2010). Financial Accounting (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Apollo Group Virtual Organization. (2011). Berry’s Bug Blasters. Retrieved from:https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Berrys/index.asp on July 24, 2015.

Avid Pharmaceuticals

The cost structure with the lower breakable volume has the lower systematic risk. Fluctuations in sales volume has an impact on net income. Because there is no certainty, Waver must be ready for increases and decreases in sales if the new equipment is purchased. It is important for Waver to understand that the company will not always be at normal operating levels. Sometimes more units will need to be produced and oftentimes, less units will need to be produced due to the demand in sales. Fluctuations in demand will affect the bottom line, as seen in the examples above. ) What other factors should Waver consider in making this decision? Will the quality of the product remain the same? Is the machine more efficient than the workers? Will time be saved? Can the machine produce more than 60,000 units per year? How many units can the equipment produce in a year, while maintaining a quality product? Can the company charge more for the product if there is an increase in quality? How will th is equipment affect Waver long-term? Short-term? Will upgrades be needed (added expenses)? How quickly will the equipment be outdated? How quickly can the equipment be installed?Will there be a loss of manufacturing products while the equipment is being setup? Will the company lose money during setup due to lack of production? How will this new piece of equipment show on the company's financial statements? Will it be depreciated? What form of depreciation? Are there new asset conversions that the accounting department will have to record? Do the product costs and/or period costs change? Is it possible to make other areas more efficient, therefore, reducing fixed or variable costs? What company makes the manufacturing equipment? Is the company successful/reputable?Is the company new? Is the return on the investment satisfactory to board members and owners? How does the new equipment affect the employees? Will additional training be needed? Who will operate and manage this new equipme nt? How difficult would it be to get service if repairs were needed? How dependable are the service repair people? Will Waver have to hire a full time employee to fix the repairs? This salary is an additional expense. How dependable is the machine? Will the equipment affect the factory layout, efficiency, create toxic smells or be too loud for workers to be near it?Will customer satisfaction be increased? Will the employees operating the machine be paid more, therefore, increasing salary Will training occur? This is an added expense. Are there enough Jobs to reassign all employees displaced to new Jobs within Waver? How will Waver communicate this large change to its employees? How much does the machine cost? Are there additional variable costs that will be incurred? (4) What is your recommendation? This does not look like a good investment for Waver. The return on investment is low at the normal 60,000 operating volume. The fixed costs are large, Jumping by 476,000.That is a large increase when the sales at normal operating conditions will only yield an extra $4,000. It is not worth the expense. In the beginning, the equipment may be slow to operate at normal volume due to set up, training, glitches, etc. There may be a length of time where Waver is not able to produce and sell 60,000 units per year, which will hurt Wavers bottom line (as seen in the 25% volume decrease in example above). The new equipment seems like a risky investment. The choice of production structure (with the new equipment or without) depends on the expected future sales.If Waver was certain they could produce and sell more than 60,000 units per year, this may be an investment worth looking into, however, this is an unknown. Making a little less than the 60,000 units (59,500 units), would put Waver in the same position had they not purchased the new equipment. This point at which both cost structures intersect is what is relevant. From a management's perspective, this new equipment is re ally not a good idea. There are too many What ifs' and too many personnel and training issues that could be factors. I would not recommend purchasing this new equipment for Waver.

Disability Discrimination Essay Example

Disability Discrimination Essay Example Disability Discrimination Essay Disability Discrimination Essay Define the IssuePhysical disability discrimination is when people are being treated less fairly because of their disability such as broken leg, deaf, or blind. People can be discriminated direct or indirect. Unfair treatment means that a disable person will be treated disadvantaged in the society and doesnt have the same opportunity or choice as a non-disable person in situation like employment, education, and access goods, services and facilities. Personal ExperienceI have no personal experience in physical disability discrimination but I have found a story about customers getting rejected by a restaurant because a person is in a wheelchair and the waiter is unwilling to rearrange the table for the customer. He is being discriminated because the waiter wouldnt treat him the same as other customers and service them, the waiter doesnt want to give service because he is disable. Main ViewsChristian ChurchesThe Christian churches views about disability discrimination are based on what is written in the bible. Christians think that everyone should be treated equally no matter if a person is disabling or not as bible referred in John 13:34 A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. This means that there should be no discrimination in this world because everyone should love one another as god has loved us. Ephesians 2:14 For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility. This verse show that god has destroyed the barriers (e.g. differences) and the dividing wall of hostility between people, therefore people should all be treated the same and everyone should be friendly to each other, no one should ever be discriminated against for their disability, everyone should be equal despite their ability. God indicates that if we verbally abuse someone that means we are harming a person that is created in Gods image, which means that we are mistreating someone that God loves and who Jesus gave up his life for. People with Disabilities are called, like all people, to respond in faith to the God revealed in Christ. People with disabilities have gifts which contribute to the building up of the whole body of Christ. Through people with disabilities Christ may work and bear witness to himself. (Include Me In Uniting Church of NSW)This quote is said from Uniting Church of NSW, its said that disability people have different contribution to the community to us, they put in something else for Christ, their disability is helping Christ to work and bear witness to himself. They are contributing equally to those who are not disabled so therefore they should be treated equally. Political ViewDisability discrimination Act is being created by the government in 1992 to prevent discrimination of a person with disability in public areas. The Disability Discrimination Act allows the Attorney-General to make standards on particular topics. The standards give more information about what needs to be done to ensure people with disability are not discriminated against. The Discrimination Act shows that the government really cares about how people with disability is treated and make sure they do not get further discrimination when they travel around public area. It is against the law to discriminate someone with disability. The two standards of discrimination act is disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport and Disability Standards for Education to let disable people feel free to travel with public transport and educate just like other kids. The government view is to get everyone in the society equal no matter if they are of a different culture or if they have disability. Value AnalysisFor this issue the political views and Christian views are similar, they are all trying to support people who suffer from disabilities in the society to not get discriminated by other people without disabilities. Christians tries to get their views across by the church and use extracts from the bible to show that god wants us to treat everyone the same, and people with disabilities contributes to Christ just as much as everyone else. Government tries to get their views across by giving out laws about disability discrimination so now in the society people with disabilities are being treated fairly. Example, theres ramps and lift build for public transport for the disabled and there is special school build for people with disabilities. Both government and Christian is trying to make people with disabilities feels just as normal as the rest of us and not letting them feel left out because there is something different about them. My DecisionI think that the government and Christians is doing a really good job at making people with disabilities to live like everyone else and fit in the society. Bible gives a really good outline as to what we should and should not do; the bible says that we should not discriminate against the disabilities because they are just the same as us and sometimes they might do a lot more contribution to the society than us, they shouldnt be discriminated. I think that we should actually learn a lesson from people with disabilities; they have a very high spirit in life, they dont give up on life just because they have disabilities, they are very brave to live through everyday with something missing from them. I think disability discrimination should be stopped and government and Christians should continue raise awareness throughout the society to let other people know people with disabilities is not much different from the rest of us. Bibliography gotquestions. org/racism-Bible. html ag. gov. au/disabilityconvention hreoc. gov. au/disability_rights/dda_guide/dda_guide. htm biblegateway. com/Issue in society volume 127 disability and discriminationÃ'Ž

Historic Map Overlays in Google Maps

Historic Map Overlays in Google Maps Technology makes it fun these days to compare maps of the past with their modern-day equivalents to learn just where the nearest cemetery or church may have been or why your ancestors went to the next county to record their familys deeds and vital events. Historical overlay maps, which have been available for Google Maps and Google Earth  since 2006, make this type of cartographic research very fun and easy.  The premise behind a historic overlay map is that it can be layered directly on top of current road maps and/or satellite images. By adjusting the transparency of the historic maps, you can see through to the modern-day map behind to compare the similarities and differences between old and new maps, and study the changes in your selected location over time. A great tool for genealogists! Hundreds, and more likely thousands, of organizations, developers, and even individuals have created historic overlap maps for the online tool Google Maps (nice for people who dont want to download the Google Earth software). 120 historical maps from the David Rumsey Map Collection, for example, were integrated into Google Maps last year. Additional historic map overlays you might want to explore include  North Carolina Historic Overlay Maps,  Scotland Historical Map Overlays,  Henry Hudson 400  and  Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network. If you really love these historic overlay maps, you may want to download the free Google Earth software. There are many more historic map overlays available through Google Earth, than through Google Maps, including many posted directly by Google. You can find the historical maps in the sidebar section titled layers.

Death sentence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Death sentence - Essay Example Secondly, criminologists have shown that people who commit capital crimes such as murder do it at the ‘heat of the moment.’ Such crimes are not premeditated, and are usually committed as a result of stress or the influence of alcohol or other drugs. In committing crimes, the criminals are not in a stable mind state. Therefore, previous executions do not help in stopping an individual from committing crime. Thirdly, research has shown that life imprisonment is a better alternative for deterring crime compared to the death sentence. Persons serving a life sentence operate in a certain routine and are not a threat to society. Therefore, the death sentence does not have an additional effect in deterring crime (Ruppin, 2012). Finally, history and research have shown that violence is a learnt behavior, and therefore regardless of the severity of the punishment offered, such crimes will still be committed. The death sentence cannot help in stopping a behavior that is common to a given society or group. In conclusion, there is no evidence to prove that the death penalty helps to reduce crime, and therefore should be abolished. Efforts should be directed towards solving social problems such as drug