Movie Review Driving Visions - 1303 Words

â€Å"Do you wanna know what happens to an eyeball when it gets punctured?† This is one question the villainous hitchhiker, asks the quivering hero in director Robert Harmon’s disturbing film The Hitcher (1986). Harmon’s film follows Jim Halsey (C. Thomas Howell), a young man delivering a car to a client in San Diego, only to find himself being terrorized by the murderous hitchhiker John Ryder (Rutger Hauer). The Hitcher is most commonly thought of as a horror movie, but the film covers many of the conventions of both the road movie and a subgenre known as the highway horror film. By examining these conventions, the film’s historical context, and concepts including the outlaw couple, we should be able to discover how this cult classic fits in†¦show more content†¦Even when Ryder is apprehended, the authorities aren’t able to find any past records on him or find out his true identity (even Rutger Hauer has made the claim that John Ryder is a fake name the character uses). Motivation is also drastically different between Ryder and Emmett Myers, as Emmet simply wants to escape capture from the authorities. Ryder’s intentions on the other hand, are more mysterious, as he simply explains to Jim that â€Å"I want you to stop me†. John Kenneth Muir explains this motivation as him â€Å"encouraging Jim to play back, to be his partner†, which ultimately plays into the road movie concept of the outlaw couple. The outlaw couple is apart of Laderman’s â€Å"two narrative pretexts: the quest road movie†¦ and the outlaw road movie† (20). Ryder is playing with Jim throughout the movie, everywhere Jim goes Ryder and his murderous streak seems to follow. Jim’s first encounter with Ryder ended with him pushing the madman out of his car, but the nightmare continues when he passes by a family on the road and sees Ryder sitting in the back seat playfully waving to him. A few miles down the ro ad Jim finds the family s car and the audience is left to believe that Ryder murdered the family, as Jim takes one look in the window and pukes. Jim can’t seem to escape his elusive â€Å"partner† which ultimately has the police arresting him for Ryder’s crimes. ItShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Do The Right Thing By Spike Lee991 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s no secret that Spike Lee is defiant of mainstream Hollywood expectations and is no stranger to controversy. In a review written by James Berardinelli, he writes, â€Å"The movie confronts racism head-on, with the kind of clear-eyed and unflinching attitude that is rarely seen in major motion pictures. Lee does not pander to political correctness, nor does he sermonize† (Berardinelli, Do the Right Thing). This use of aggressive tackling of racial issues was never-before seen in black cinema on suchRead MoreEssay on Movie Review of Stigmata1666 Words   |  7 PagesMovie Review of Stigmata Im not a big movie watcher, in fact when I watch a movie, I rarely finish it. However, there are just a few that Ive got to see. These usually include comedy, but more often mystery. About two years ago I saw a preview for the movie Stigmata. Before the previews I had never heard of stigmata, and even after this didnt know what it was. My cousin explained what stigmata were to me, and then I wanted to see the movie. Stigmata are defined as the plural of stigma;Read MoreGoogle Technologies : The Self Driven Automobile Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagessmart contact lenses, project wing, and project loom. Self-Driving Automobile The self-driving car is a technology that will basically transport the passengers in the car from point A to Point B without having the driver have to use the steering wheel or any other features in the car. There are cars today that also have no steering wheels, gas pedals, or brake pedals which would make them completely autonomous. The time of the self-driving cars is near, though not right around the corner as we mightRead MoreTeam Management Style1722 Words   |  7 Pagesthe work will take care of itself. (Leadership attitudes) 3. Authority/Obedience Management (high concern for task, low concern for people). You are probably a bit of a task master. The most important thing is the work. You lead from behind by driving the group in front of you.We re here to work; the work needs to be done. If they re working hard enough they won t have time to feel unhappy, they re not here to enjoy themselves. (Leadership attitudes) 4. Team Management (high concern forRead MoreExam Topics and Questions (the Final Diagnosis)1561 Words   |  7 PagesDanger, Hotel, Wheels, The Final Diagnosis. Hailey was best known for writing Airport. Several of them were made into TV shows and films. Airport was adapted to the big screen in 1970 and helped launch the disaster movie genre. Airport became a blockbuster movie with stunning visual effects. His stories are thrilling and read well. He would spend about one year researching a subject, followed by reviewing his notes and, finally, writing the book. Each of his novels has a differentRead MoreMovie Analysis : Fight Club2020 Words   |  9 Pagesgroup dynamics change and how a group is controlled. When looking at a group as a whole there is always a power player or â€Å"authoritative power† who dictates and controls or has command over individuals and objects within a group (Stones). With the movie Fight Club as discussed, Tyler Durden takes it upon hims elf to create and become the dominant leader within the group. Every member goes to him to seek information and distributes that information to another member and it gradually trickles down toRead MoreEng 225 Final Paper2259 Words   |  10 PagesNovember 25, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to analyze the movie called â€Å"Steel Magnolias† (1989) directed by Herbert Ross. Steel Magnolias has been one of my families favorite films for many years; however, my intentions are to carefully critique the movie based on storytelling, acting, cinematography, edit, sound, style, and finally my interpretation of the film from a critics point of view. Storytelling and review should start with the Goethe’s three questions then the truth testRead MoreBlockbuster Video3231 Words   |  13 Pagesago. Americans along with many other countries are becoming centered around immediate gratification and in a way, lazy. Fast is better and right now wins. When Netflix came into the homes of millions, it almost seemed like the end of all other movie rental providers. A change in leadership from a recent buyout has saved Blockbuster and has placed them as a leader once again in the entertainment business. Blockbuster has a new strategic plan that seems to be working, but a look into a new strategicRead MoreThe Convergence Of Popular Digital Technology1604 Words   |  7 Pagesefficiency could cause some to question whether it is the digital technology itself that is influential or these outside factors. However, thanks to the convergence of the various forms of moving image creation the same trends, with digital providing the driving force, are visible across these varying platforms. This underlines the importance of the digital developments alongside outside factors and shows its influence is widespread. For example, digital technology usage in video games has links to its usesRead MoreStrategic Planning and Implementation in Walt Disney Company4109 Words   |  17 Pagesand implementation procedures in general. The development of a strategy can be done by structured strategic planning, by having a strategic leadership and by practicing emergent strategy systems. It’s very important for any organisation to have a vision and missions so as to effectively follow the plans to obtain the desired results, also every company should keep in mind the cultural, social, ethical and environmental factors while designing their respective strategies. Every organisation should

Business Ethics Gumdrop Northern Essay - 1597 Words

In Gumdrop Company, there were various ethical issues identified when it was operating in America. The unethical aspects caused various problems to not only the company, but also other persons using its products. These issues eventually led to the closure of the company in America through corrupt and improper channels; but it opened up new branches in Argentina and Columbia. One of the ethical issues was production of landmines that were banned by the international community. This concern is founded on the fact that landmines were used in wars and the effects they have on the land and residents are too hazardous to be accepted. The landmines pose as severe threats to not only the planters, but also unsuspecting humans and animals. By†¦show more content†¦Contrary to the armors’ requirements, the ones developed by Gumdrop were substandard and they barely protected the wearers. This was irresponsibility and greed; in addition, it was an aspect of disrespect for human life. The company failed in its mandate of ensuring that the soldiers were safe during an attack and practiced indecency by manufacturing substandard products and keeping quite to protect their contract. The management should have come clean about the conditions of the armors and either ask the soldiers to return the armors already in use for exchange or give out new armors that would assure the soldiers of security and safety. The company should have taken responsibility and admit its error to the military and try to re-negotiate the contract terms rather than jeopardizing the lives of the soldiers, who entrusted their lives on the jackets. The company hence broke the trust that was entrusted on it by the soldiers and the citizens by making the soldiers vulnerable. Admitting to failures and taking responsibility not only helps in re-building the trust and credibility of an organization, but also illustrates strong character of responsibility and accountability (Fieser, 2011, p. 1). These characters were however not available in Gumdrop and instead, the major concern was the retention of the contract for increased economic gains. The substandard products

Evil Inside Free Essays

Answer each question in a complete sentence. Include textual evidence to support 6 answers. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Evil Inside or any similar topic only for you Order Now Summarize the plot of the opera, â€Å"Madame Butterfly,† in your own words. Why would Moore include an Depigraph that quotes this opera? In Madame Butterfly the plot of the opera is that a birth mother loses her a child an adoptive mother who later on loses the baby. The whole time Suzuki, the servant, witnesses everything, but can do nothing to help. Moore quoted this opera in the epigraph because much in Madame Butterfly where Suzuki is very relied by Madame Butterfly to do basically everything for her. This is Just like how Sarah relies on Tassie to do everything for her, such as raising Emmie. 2. What do the three epigraphs fit together? Or contrast with each other? The first two epigraphs fit together because they both relate to the subject of servants and both are related to Madame Butterfly. The first two contrast to the third because if you’re a servant then you don’t see the world from the same point of view as someone that you’re a servant for. 3. In addition to her sense of humor and intelligence, what are Tassie’s strengths as a narrator? How does Owhat she describes as â€Å"an unseemly collection of Jostling former elves† (p. 3) affect the narrative and Ocontribute to the appeal of her tale? In addition to Tassie’s sense of humor and intelligence, her other strengths as a narrator are that she describes everything in great detail such as â€Å"Though the interior of the casket was quilted white, like a beautiful suitcase, what I could see of my brother looked like garbage tossed inside† (Moore 298-299). When Tassie describes herself as â€Å"an unseemly collection of Jostling former selves†, it affects the narrative because she was playing a different role and had a different personality in Troy and Dellacrosse. When she is in Troy she is playing the role of a servant for the Thornwood-Brink family. While in Dellacrosse she’s playing the role of an average college girl, not ready to grow up. She’s basically living a double life. 4. How does the initial meeting between Tassie and Sarah create a real, if hesitant, connection Obetween them? What aspects of their personalities come out in their conversation? Tassie and Sarah’s first meeting created a hesitant connection between them because they didn’t know each other at all and because of this, they did not understand each other’s sense of humor and couldn’t talk to each other ithout it being awkward. Sarah seemed to bring up everything they could ever talk about except for why they were adopting a child and any other aspects of it. Many aspects of their personalities came through in their conversation. One of the aspects was that they were both extremely talkative, but they both werent using they talkativeness in an appropriate manor for the situation. They couldn’t stay on topic at all during their conversation. Another aspect that came out was that Sarah was overall very proud of her wealth and what she has done. She didn’t seem too modest or humble. This showed especially when Sarah randomly said in a conversation â€Å"‘l ou n'† (Moore 1) wltnout even Delng asked. DescrlDe tne aaoptlon process through Tassie’s eyes. What aspects of her personality come out during Othis process? Tassie describes the adoption process as â€Å"†¦ Adoption seemed like both a cruel Joke and a lovely day-dream – a nice way of avoiding the blood and pain of giving birth, or, from a child’s perspective, a realized fantasy of your parents not really being your parents. † (Moore 16). At the beginning of the novel Tassie didn’t really know what to think about the adoption, but at the end Tassie really starts to ecome attached to Emmie and she realizes that it doesn’t matter where Emmie came from. 6. Describe the evolution of Tassie’s relationship with her brother, Robert, from the beginning of the novel Ountil the end. Tassie’s relationship with her brother Robert changed from the beginning to the end of the book because at the beginning they were really close, compared to other brother and sister relationships. They were both very unguided, while growing up, so Robert would always look up to Tassie. When Tassie went to Troy for college, Robert had a hard time getting through his last ear of high school because he had no one to look up to. When Tassie said â€Å"Robert, it had often seemed to me, failed to apply himself-musically or academically’ (Moore 41). They basically grew more and more apart until Tassie received an email from him one day saying that he wants to Join the military. When she shows up in Dellacrosse for his graduation, she finds out that Robert is actually Joining the military. What she doesn’t know is that this will be the last time she will ever see him. When Robert dies, Tassie felt more distant from him than ever. . What do you make of Edward? Does Edward’s behavior at dinner and the â€Å"small conspiracy’ he and 0 Tassie establish (pp. 112-114) offer a more sympathetic (or at least more understandable) view of him? I think Edward was really uninterested in being a father again. He didn’t seem very into Emmie at all, a dopting her or playing with her after they adopted her. I feel like he Just didn’t seem too fond of having a biracial baby. He didn’t even come to any of the adoption meetings until the middle of the one with Bonnie. It seemed like he was always missing in action in some sort of way, throughout the adoption process and at home. He seemed to be a big flirt towards Tassie. He would always look at her with a certain look and then all my thoughts were confirmed at the end of the book when he asked her to go to coffee with him. I dont think the â€Å"small conspiracy’ offered a more sympathetic view of him. It was kind of weird because from the start of the book basically Tassie and Edward had a secret that they wouldn’t tell Sarah. I think Tassie realized the kind of person Edward was during this conspiracy and how he probably keeps a lot of secrets from Tassie, Sarah, and probably other people. This came up especially when he said â€Å"‘Let’s not tell Sarah,’ said Edward. ‘She’s got a slightly obsessive side'† (Moore 113). Also I think Edward didn’t want to get to know the child because I think it brought back bad memories from the first child. 8. Does A Gate at the Stairs accurately reflect the persistence of racism in America? What do the comments Dand encounters sprinkled throughout in the novel (80, 1 12, 151, 167, 229) show about the various forms Oracism takes in our society? A Gate at the Stairs accurately reflects the persistence of racism in America because of how all of the events in the book took place after 9/1 1 . Once 9/1 1 occurred, racism grew in America, yet it was still there before it occurred. When Tassie would take Emmie out for errands, she would be looked down upon for Instance wnen lassle sala â€Å"l nls was all sala In looks, so tne trutn could not De uttered, but I saw again and again what it was simply to walk into a store for a doughnut and have a wordless racial experience (Moore 167-168). She especially got looks from white people such as when she said â€Å"To the white woman I was a whoring girl messing around with anyone (Moore 167). The comments and encounters in the ovel showed that there are many forms of racism in our society. The first way that I stated was more of a looking down upon way while â€Å"Instead, he glared right at little Mary-Emma and shouted, ‘Nigger! † (Moore 1 51) was more of a verbal way. 9. What is the importance of Tassie’s description of Mary-Emma’s affection for Reynaldo: â€Å"the colorblindness of Osmall children is a myth; she noticed difference and sameness, with almost equal interest; there was no O’Dilemma of Difference’ as my alliteration- loving professors occasionally put it† (p. 169)? The importance of Tassie’s description f Mary-Emma’s affection for Reynaldo is that she didn’t care about the color of Reynaldo’s skin color or what he looked like and she only cared about his personality. 10. On page 296, Tassie offers a thoughtful explanation of the purpose of religion in people’s lives. Are there Oother lessons about the meaning of religion or faith to be found in the novel? Yes, there are other lessons on religion on faith and an example would be when Bonnie Amber wanted to have Mary-Emma raised Catholic. This shows that many people are Judgmental about religion, and even though shes giving p her baby to another family of a possible other religion, they still want their baby to be Catholic no matter if the new parents arent Catholic. 1. Does the novel prepare you for Sarah’s dreadful confession (232-242)? What particular incidents or conversations foreshadow the revelations? I think the novel does prepare us for Sarah’s dreadful confession because you can tell that something is missing throughout the book. You can tell that they’re not telling Tassie something about their past because they never even told her why they were adopting and why t hey idn’t Just have a child on her own. I think the whole hiding something makes Tassie feel on edge throughout the whole book which was probably why Tassie wasn’t even that surprised and didn’t really have a reaction when Sarah told her the story. I especially saw when Sarah said † † (Moore ) that she was hiding something. Also, Edward always being missing seemed kind of suspicious and it might have been cause of his guilt towards the first child, which we didn’t know about then. 12. Was their decision to move and start anew the best solution under the circumstances? It epends on how you look at it. If you look at it like they were Just two parents that made a horrible parenting mistake and it was Just an accident and they deserve a second chance, then yes you could argue that that was probably their only chance of getting another chance. If you look at it Just from the fact that they killed their child, then no. They shouldn’t have changed their names and moved on Just like that to try and forget their horrible past which was obviously bound to come back and bite them eventually. ** Thank you, Oprah, for many of these awesome questions How to cite Evil Inside, Papers

Buying a House in Todays Economy free essay sample

The economy can make or break many decisions and on buying a house is a major one to make sure that the economy is in a good state that buying a house is not the right decision. When it comes to the marginal benefit the economy should be at an increase because purchasing the house is not anything that needs to be done but it is something that one wants to do and if the economy is bad then there is not any money available to make the extra purchase of buying a home at that time. Marginal ost in purchasing a house can affect economy by the simple fact of saving money here and there on some things in order to make sure that that they have money available to buy the house. The selling of the products they might have bought will decrease the economies profits. The removal of tax deduction on the mortgage interest affects the housing market because it will cause people to not be buying houses because some see the tax as a cushion for them to be able to get a house that they may not have had a chance to et based on their income. We will write a custom essay sample on Buying a House in Todays Economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If they do not have a feeling of safety in purchasing a home they will not take the chance. The ways that government spends money on other things and the taxes make a decision a bit harder because a person Just wants to make sure that buying the house will not result in not having any money to do anything else. If the government ends up spending money on things not needed then there will not be enough money in banks and other finance resources that can help a person purchase a home.

The Use Of Propaganda In The Nazi Regime Essay Example For Students

The Use Of Propaganda In The Nazi Regime Essay subject = history:Holocausttitle = The use of propaganda in the Nazi Regimeand in their Totalitarian Controlpapers = The Role of Propaganda in the NaziTakeover and in Their Totalitarian ControlWhen one thinks of the termpropaganda, what comes to mind? Would it bring a positive response? Wouldit bring a negative response? When one thinks of propaganda in associationwith the Holocaust, what comes to mind? A positive response or a negativeresponse? Most likely a negative response. Why is propaganda any differentfrom what any political party or regime does, namely to disseminate its views?Is propaganda simply the name we give to views which we do not like or whichwe think to be untrue? And finally, was the role of propaganda in the Nazisassumption of power overstated? (Daniel Goldhagen, 1996)As many peoplewho are learned in the field of the Holocaust will agree, propaganda playedan extremely vital part in the Nazis rise to power, as well as their brain-washingof the German population int o detesting all, of what they considered, hereticsto the degree of accepting their murders. Validity of the accusations uponwhich they attempted to justify their action against the Jews was not an issue. The issue in this case was its power of persuasion. Although to achieve thisgoal the Nazi party deemed it necessary to monopolize the communications, media,and entertainment industries, Germany already had a strong anti-Semitic background. Europeananti-Semitism is an outgrowth of Christianity. Since the time of the RomanEmpire, Christian leaders preached boundlessly against Jews. It escalatedfrom generation to generation, for as long a the Jews rejected Jesus as theirMessiah, the Jews challenged the whole belief system of Christianity. Theidea that it was the Jews that killed their savior also evolved from that timeperiod. Along those lines, the notion that all Jews of forever were responsiblefor Jesus death, for they approved of the crime, would have certainly doneit again (according to the anti-Semitics), and had always rejected his teachings. Asthe Medieval period came, the Christians hatred for Jews further articulatedand was brought to a new level. The Christians in the Medieval world saw Jewsin twofold opposition to Christianity: they rejected his revelation and werehis killers. In addition, church members had much detested the Jews on thebasis that they should have accepted Jesus as their Messiah. Consequently,persecution and killing of the Jews became a part of everyday life, leavingmany regions of Western Europe without any Jews by the end of the sixteenthcentury. Entering the nineteenth century, German anti-Semitism went throughan acute transformation. It was then that it made its change from a religiousissue, to a racial one. Germans naturally detested Jews, and with a passion. Nineteenth century Germans now saw Jews as the symbol for everything awryin their declining economy, even though they made up but a mere one percentof the population. Soon the cultural taboos that had formerly shaped the moralfabric of Germany at the time lost all influence. It was then that Germananti-Semitism reached a high point: false, cruel, yet indisputable accusations. Prostitution, sexual degradation and depravity, and the sexual assaultingof unsuspecting German virgins are examples. The Germans also imagined Jewconducting ritual murders. By the time the Nazi party instituted totalitariancontrol, all that remained was to build on the framework provided by the nineteenthcentury. A framework which included anti-Semitism being common knowledge,Germans obsessive hatred toward Jews, the common belief of Jews being thereason for their collapsing economy, the belief of Jews being evil and a sourceof great harm. This new type of anti-Semitism was of a savage nature and alogic that it was necessary to rid Germany, along with the rest of the world,of Jews by whatever means necessary.Already having a foundation for theircause, all the Nazis had to do was execute their strategies. Even before gainingfull control in January of 1933, they used all possible methods, and even introducednew forms of publicity, to get national attention and recognition. The Naziparty sponsored mass meetings and pageants, distributed all sorts of visualaids and propaganda, and assumed control of the radio and film industry. Oncethe Nazis gained control they used all the above means and more to strengthentheir totalitarian control on the German population. By means of blatant falseclaims and accusations, the Nazis made untrue justifications for politicaland military aggression, as well as enthusiasm toward Nazi goals. Hitlerknew how he had to manipulate propaganda to get positive results from thepopulation. In his book, Mein Kampf, he wrote:To whom should propagandabe addressed? To the scientifically trained intelligentsia or to the lesseducated masses? It must be addressed always and solely to the masses. What the intelligentsia?need is not propaganda but scientific instruction. The content of propaganda is as far from being science as the object depictedin a poster is from being art. A posters art lies in the designers abilityto capture the attention of the masses by form and color. The functionof propaganda does not lie in the scientific training of the individual, butrather in directing the attention of the masses toward certain facts?It mustbe directed toward the emotions, and only to a very limited extent toward theso-called intellect. The receptive ability of the masses is very limited,their intelligence is small, their forgetfulness enormous. Therefore, allpropaganda has to limit itself to a very few points and repeat them like slogansuntil even the very last man is able to understand what you want him to understand. And that is the basis upon which Hitler set up his whole campaign. Hewanted to aim his propaganda crusade exclusively toward the masses. In doingso they would accept it as a decree. Furthermore, it was extremely importantthat the material exposed to the masses appeal to the interests of the majorities,and not address itself to just the intellect. Propaganda had to be popularand be geared in order for even the most simple-minded individuals to understand. Environmental Crisis EssayBillboards, poster,leaflets, and flyers were everywhere. Some were aimed at the adult population,some at children. Most commonly, they were to urge the public to join Hitlerscrusade, for there was a job and a place for everybody. The Nazis offeredmen jobs in Hitlers army. If they were inexperienced, they offered trainingcamps, seminars, and classes, in which they were taught everything from militarymaneuvers to how to identify a Jew.As effective of the other forms ofNazi propaganda were, the best results came from the media: newspapers, radio,and film. Control of the media was the key to gaining control of the peoplesminds. Joseph Goebbles took the first step to assuming full control of thenews-wire services. He then merged the different wire-services into the GermanNews Bureau. This allowed him to control the distribution of news at its source. Now that the Nazis had full control of the news circulation in Germany, theybegan making laws pertaining to it. For example, in 1933, Goebbles institutedthe Editors Law. This stated that all newspapers had to go through his ministry. Accordingly, the editors were responsible for every picture and word in theirpublication, and if Goebbles did not like what was being printed, the editorswould be punished. Although, they would most commonly lose their jobs, Goebbles,on occasion, would have the person sent to a concentration camp. His regulationson new circulation so limited the liberty of the reporter, that daily pressconferences were often held. There, Goebbles would dictate what should bewritten in the article and how it should look. Unfortunately for the Nazis,much of the population of Germany stopped reading newspapers, altogether,for they already knew what would be written. Since Goebbles realizedhe could not brainwash the people just through the newspaper, he then tookover radio communication. By making sure stores kept a plentiful stock ofinexpensive radios, a record seventy percent of German families owned at leastone radio. If in the event that a family did not own one, the Nazis encouragedgathering in groups at home, at work, and at eating places to listen to thebroadcasts. With over a quarter of a typical days broadcasting time beingreserved solely for Nazi propaganda, the people became very vulnerable to whatthey heard. To be sure not one person was without the privilege of listeningto daily broadcastings, the Nazis had loud speakers installed all over thecountry. Goebbles also seized control of the cinemas. Still a fairly newconcept, motion pictures were very popular among the Germans. The Nazis beganmaking both movies and documentaries with extremely anti-Semitic messages. There were documentaries that were merely intended for the glorification ofthe Nazis, while other were tasteless, explicit movies based on mere blatantlies and biases produced by the Nazis and other anti-Semitic organizations. Some were so anti-Semitic that the actors requested that a telegraph be sentout publicizing that they themselves were not really Jewish. Despite the horrifyingmotion-picture campaigning, countless numbers attended these films. By now,the German population was predominantly anti-Semitic. Stage one of the Nazisplan was done. However, Nazi missionaries began coming over to the UnitedStates. Although quickly deported, they left behind their ideas. Organizationssuch as the Christian Front and the German-American Bund were formed and stronglysupported the Nazis. Newsletters and leaflets were being mass produced throughoutthe country. Luckily the majority of Americans retained their morals and acceptanceof Jews.In their quest for both world and racial domination, the Naziscovered all possible territory/subject-matter, and all possible means of accomplishingtheir goal. They monopolized and strictly monitored all branches of the communicationsand media industry. By doing this, the Nazis only allowed the people to hearwhat they wanted them to hear, and nothing more. In the midst of a major economicdepression, the German people were both vulnerable and desperate, and the unemploymentrate was very high. Thus, many people had nothing else to do beside listento the radio and read the newspaper. Naturally, there was no commercial orindustrial market, almost everything fitting into those two categories wasfailing, so it was not difficult to take over. Hitlers plan was working verywell. Reflecting on the manner in which the term propaganda is used inthis paper, it could be understandable why one could see the word as a negativeterm. Even though the dictionary defines propaganda as publicity to eitherfurther or damage ones cause, I am unable to picture myself defining Hitlerspublicity scheme as merely marketing, promotion, or advertising. Rather, Isee it as a disgusting form of disinformation (See, p. 1). In conclusion,even though the word, propaganda, can be used in reference to either positiveor negative campaigning, it is how we have come to, most often, identify ideologywhich we do not approve of or think not to be true. WorksCitedAusubel, Nathan. Pictorial History of the Jewish People. NewYork: Crown Publishers,1953. Goldhagen, Daniel. Hitlers WillingExecutioners. New York: Random House, 1996. Goldhagen, Daniel. PersonalInterview. 25 December 1996. Holocaust. World Book Encyclopedia. Http://haven.ios.com/~kimel19/index.html#index. Internet. AT;T Worldnet Service, Vrs. 3.0. Windows 95, disk. Levin,Nora. The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry. New York: SchockenBooks, 1973Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Computer software. Microsoft Corporation, 1996. Windows 95, 6.39 MB, CD-ROM. Rossel,Seymour. The Holocaust: The World and the Jews, 1933-1945. West Orange: Behrman House, 1992.

“Behavioral Study of Obedience” Stanley Milgram Essay Example

â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley Milgram Essay Example â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley Milgram Essay â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley Milgram Essay â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley Milgram Shashi Bhatt â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley Milgram The Milgram’s experiment on Obedience to authority figure was a series of experiment in social psychology conducted by Stanley Milgram. The experiment measured the willingness of study participants to obey authority figure, which instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience. It has been understood before this experiment that people tend to obey authority figure. Milgram’s work showed researchers the depth of this tendency and identified several of its key mechanism. Obedience, as determinant of behavioral, is as of particular relevance to our time. It has been reliably established, that innocent people were slaughtered on command in gas and death chambers. These inhumane ideas originated in single person’s mind, yet they could be carried out to extreme scale, if large number of people obeyed orders. Obedience is psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose. Obedience may be educative and refer to acts of kindness or charity, as well as to destruction. General Procedure Milgram developed an intimidating shock generator, with shock levels starting at 30 volts and increasing in 15-volt increments all the way up to 450 volts. The switches were labeled with terms including slight shock, moderate shock and danger: severe shock. Each participant took the role of a teacher, who would then deliver a shock to the student every time an incorrect answer was produced. While the participant believed that he was delivering real shocks to the student, the student was actually a confederate in the experiment who was simply pretending to be shocked. The order to administer shocks are given to subject in context of â€Å"learning experiment† to study the effects of punishment on memory. As shock got higher the subject begin to build internal resistance and subject refused to go on with the experiment. Behavioral prior to this is considered â€Å"obedience. † This technique allowed variable to be manipulated at several points of experiment. Related Studies The experiment bears an important relation to philosophical analysis of obedience and authority. Based on some studies, obedience is ubiquitous and indispensable feature of social life. Method The participants in the Milgram experiment were 40 men recruited using newspaper ads. In exchange for their participation, each person was paid $4. 50. The subjects had wide variety of careers and qualification. The were also told, they would be paid $4. 50 simply for coming to the experiment. The role of experimenter was played by 31-year old high school biology teacher. The teacher appearance was stern throughout experiment. The victim was played by a 47-year old accountant. Procedure One naive subject and one victim performed in experiment. After pretext, subjects drew slips of paper from hat, which determined who would be the teacher and who would be the learner. The subject was assured there would be no permanent damage to tissue. The learning task was paired-associated, and the response was given by a switch. If at any point, the subject showed unwillingness to go on the experimenter responded: 1. Please Continue. 2. The experiment requires that you continue. 3. It is absolutely essential that you continue. 4. You have no other choice, you must go on. Dependent Measure The primary dependent measure for any subject is the maximum shock administer, before he refuse to go any further. This tend to vary from 0 (for subject who refused to administer first shock) to 30 (subject who administer highest shock). Following the experiment, the subject were interviewed with open-ended questions. Results Twenty Six subjects obeyed experiment commands fully and to the highest shock proceeding to punish the victim. Fourteen subjects refuses to participate at some point in the experiment. Refer to table 1 for details. Table 1 Designation of Voltage |Number of Subjects who Stopped at this Volts | |Intense Shock: 300 |5 | |Extreme Intense Shock: 315 |4 | |Extreme Intense Shock: 330 |2 | |Extreme Intense Shock: 345 |1 | |Extreme Intense Shock: 360 |1 | |Danger: Severe Shock 375 |1 | Discussion The experiment yielded two findings; they were surprising. The first concerns the sheer strength of obedient tendencies in this situations. The procedure created extreme levels of nervous tension in some subjects. Profuse sweating, trembling, and stuttering were typical expressions of this emotional disturbance. One unexpected sign of tension- yet to be explained- was the regular occurrence of nervous laughter, which in some subjects developed into uncontrollable occurrence. The following feature of the experiment go in explaining high amount of obedience observed in these situations. 1. The experiment takes place in reputable university, and the importance of background authority is now being studied by series of experiment outside of Yale University. 2. The experiment had worth purpose- advancement of knowledge about learning and memory. 3. The subject has an impression, that victim has voluntarily submitted to authority system of the experiment. The subject participate without any qualification, thus he feels obligated to complete experiment. 4. The subject has also entered experiment voluntary and he receives himself under obligation to complete experiment. 5. Some method of procedure strengthen the subject’s sense of obligation to the experimenter. 6. From subject’s standpoint, the fact that he is a teacher and other person is victim is purely a chance consequence. 7. There is vagueness of expectation concerning what a psychologist may require of his subject, and he is overstepping acceptable limits. 8. The subject are assured shock are painful, but not dangerous. 9. Through shock level 20, the victim continue to provide answer to the signal box. This indicates to subject, victim is willing to continue. 10. The subjects is placed in position in which he must respond to the competing demands of two persons: the experimenter and the victim. 11. The experimenter seeks an abstract scientific datum; the victim cries out the relief from physical suffering caused by subject’s action. 12. The experiment gives subject little time for reflection. 13. The conflict stem from the opposition of two deeply ingrained behavior dispositions: first, the disposition not to harm other people, and second the tendency to obey those whom we perceive to be legitimates authorities. Word Count: 1009

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War The Battle of Crà ©cy was fought August 26, 1346, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Largely a dynastic struggle for the French throne, the conflict began following the death of Philip IV and his sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. This ended the Capetian Dynasty which had ruled France since 987.   As no direct male heir lived, Edward III of England, Philip IVs grandson by his daughter Isabella, pressed his claim to the throne. This was rejected by the French nobility who preferred Philip IVs nephew, Philip of Valois. The War Begins Crowned Philip  VI in 1328, he called for Edward to do homage to him for the valuable  fief of Gascony. Though initially unwilling to this,  Edward relented and accepted Philip as King of France in 1331 in return for continued  control over Gascony. By doing so, he surrendered his rightful claim  to the throne. In 1337, Philip VI revoked Edward IIIs control of Gascony and commenced raiding the English coast. In response, Edward reasserted his claims to the French throne and began building alliances with the nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries.   In 1340, Edward scored a decisive naval victory at Sluys which gave England control of the Channel for the duration of the war. This was followed by an invasion of the Low Countries and an abortive siege of Cambrai. After plundering Picardy, Edward withdrew back to England to raise funds for future campaigns as well as to deal with the Scots who had used his absence to mount a series of raids across the border. Six years later, having assembled around 15,000 men and 750 ships at Portsmouth, he again planned to invade France.   A Return to France Sailing for Normandy, Edward landed on the Cotentin Peninsula that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, he moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crà ©cy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crà ©cy with his men. The English Command Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crà ©cy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, he assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow. Armies Commanders: England Edward IIIEdward, the Black Prince12,000-16,000 men France Philip VI20,000-80,000 men Preparing for Battle While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philips army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive. The French Advance Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldis Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. Death from Above This coupled with the longbows ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edwards archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmens retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating â€Å"I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help, and Let the boy win his spurs. As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath The Battle of Crà ©cy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. In the fighting, Edward lost between 100-300 killed, while Philip suffered around 13,000-14,000 (some sources indicate it may have been as high as 30,000). Among the French losses were the heart of the nations nobility including the Duke of Lorraine, Count of Blois, and the Count of Flanders, as well as John, King of Bohemia and the King of Majorca. In addition eight other counts and three archbishops were slain. In the wake of the battle, the Black Prince paid tribute to the nearly blind King John of Bohemia, who had fought valiantly before being slain, by taking his shield and making it his own. Having earned his spurs, the Black Prince became one of his fathers best field commanders and won a stunning victory at Poitiers in 1356. Following the victory at Crà ©cy, Edward continued north and laid siege to Calais. The city fell the next year and became a key English base for the remainder of the conflict.